From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
American Bill Gates is known around the world as founder and former chairman of Microsoft Corporation. He now serves as co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The private foundation is working to end deadly diseases and poverty.
美国人比尔·盖茨作为微软公司创始人和前任主席誉满全球。目前他担任了比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会的联合主席。这家私人基金会致力于消除致命疾病和贫穷。
Recently, Bill Gates spoke about the importance of philanthropy, the custom of giving time and money to help other people. He says philanthropy depends on innovation or new ideas for best results.
最近，盖茨谈到了慈善事业的重要性，以及付出时间和金钱去帮助他人的习俗。他说，慈善事业依靠创新或新思路来获取最好的结果。
Mr Gates spoke during a visit to the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. He said his philanthropic work centers on problems that governments cannot solve effectively.
盖茨先生是在参观华盛顿美国企业研究所期间作出了上述表示。他说，他的慈善工作集中于政府无法有效解决的一些问题。
"There are things in terms of trying out social programs in innovative ways that government is just -- because of the way the job incentives work - they are not going to try out new designs like philanthropy can, and they are not going to have volunteer hours coming in to leverage their resources like philanthropy can," said Gates.
盖茨说，“在以创新方式尝试解决社会问题方面，因为工作激励机制的运作方式，政府无法像慈善事业这样尝试新的机制，他们也不像慈善事业会有义工时间进来影响他们的资源。”
Bill Gates said charitable giving is very important in America. One example is the university system. He said universities produce highly trained professionals who then give financial support to universities. He also said that in the United States, privately funded organizations create inventions that government cannot.
盖茨表示，慈善捐赠在美国非常重要。大学系统就是一个例子。他说，各大学培养出高素质的专业人士，然后这些人又向各大学提供资金支持。他还表示，在美国，私人资助的机构创造出了美国政府所不能的发明。
He also spoke about the March of Dimes Foundation and its campaign to end polio. The foundation he said, has paid for the development of two polio vaccines. Medical researcher Jonas Salk developed the first vaccine, Albert Sabin later created an oral vaccine.
他还谈到了美国优生优育基金会及其消除小儿麻痹症运动。他说，该基金会资助了两种小儿麻痹症疫苗的开发。医学研究人员乔纳斯·索尔克（Jonas Salk）开发出了第一种疫苗，而艾伯特·沙宾（Albert Sabin）随后开发了口服疫苗。
At the event, Mr Gates held up one of the vaccines to show how small a treatment is.
在这次活动上，盖茨先生拿起一盒疫苗展示治疗方法是多么简单。
"This is the oral polio vaccine. That's 10 doses and this thing costs $1.30, so 13 cents per kid ," said Gates.
盖茨说，“这是小儿麻痹症口服疫苗，这是10剂量，需要1.3美元。也就是每个孩子只要13美分。”
In 2012, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation gave away 3.4 billion dollars. The money went to support health research, education and development programs in the United States and around the world.
2012年，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会捐出了34亿美元。这些钱被用于支持美国及世界各地的卫生研究、教育和发展计划。
But Mr Gates noted that philanthropy cannot provide the wider improvements in areas such as public health, education and employment. Governments he said, were designed to serve the whole population.
但盖茨先生指出，慈善事业无法在公共卫生、教育和就业等领域提供更广泛的改善。他说，各国政府就是用来服务全体人民的。
"When you want to give every child in America a good education, or make sure they are not starving, that's got to be [done by] government because philanthropy isn't there day in and day out serving the entire population. It's just not of the scale or the design to do that," said Gates.
盖茨说，“当你想要让美国所有孩子接受良好教育，或确保他们不挨饿，这一定是政府所做的。因为慈善事业无法日复一日地服务全体人民，它的服务范围不在这里。”
Philanthropy Bill Gates said, needs research and innovation to seek answers to society's problems, but it is government's part to work for a better society.
盖茨说，慈善事业需要研究和创新来寻求社会问题的答案，但共创美好社会是政府的职责。