The first of the 2015 Nobel Prizes has been announced. Sweden's Nobel Prize committee says the Nobel Prize for medicine will go to scientists from Ireland, Japan and China.
2015年首个诺贝尔奖项已经公布。瑞典诺贝尔评审委员会表示，诺贝尔医学奖将被授予来自爱尔兰、日本和中国的三位科学家。
William Campbell from Ireland and Satoshi Omura from Japan share the prize for their discovery of the drug avermectin. The Nobel committee praised their work on what it calls a "novel therapy." The treatment fights infections caused by roundworm parasites.
来自爱尔兰的威廉·坎贝尔（William Campbell）和来自日本的大村智（Satoshi Omura）由于发现了阿维菌素分享了这一奖项。诺贝尔委员会奖励了他们在所谓“新疗法”上成就。该疗法可以对抗蛔虫寄生虫引发的感染。
The prize for medicine is also going to Chinese researcher Tu Youyou. She discovered artemisinin. Artemisinin is a drug that has sharply lowered the number of people who die from malaria.
诺贝尔医学奖还被授予给中国研究员屠呦呦。她发现了青蒿素。青蒿素是一种能够极大地降低疟疾死亡人数的药物。
The committee said the discoveries have given the world powerful new ways to fight two powerful diseases. It said those diseases affect hundreds of millions of people every year. The committee added that, "The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable."
诺贝尔委员会表示，这些发现为人类对抗这两种严重疾病提供了强有力的新途径，这些疾病每年影响到数以百万人。委员会还补充表示，“（这两大发现）在改善人类健康和减少痛苦方面有着无可估量的影响。”
Ms. Tu is the chief professor at the China Academy of Traditional Medicine. She is also the first Chinese citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. Mr. Campbell currently works as a research fellow emeritus at Drew University in New Jersey. Mr. Omura has two doctorate degrees -- one in pharmaceutical sciences, the other in chemistry. He is professor emeritus at Kitasato University in Japan.
屠女士是中国中医研究院首席研究员。她是首位被授予诺贝尔医学奖的中国公民。坎贝尔先生目前担任新泽西州德鲁大学的名誉研究员。大村智先生拥有医学和化学两个博士学位。他是日本北里大学的名誉教授。
Doctors are now using avermectin to treat river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. Mr. Omura told the Associated Press that the drug resulted from a substance taken from a microbe found on a golf course near Tokyo. The researcher said he always carries a plastic bag so he can collect soil samples.
医生们目前使用阿维菌素治疗河盲症和淋巴丝虫病。大村智先生对美联社记者表示，这种药物源自东京附近一家高尔夫球场所发现的微生物提取的物质。他说他总是随身携带一个塑料袋，这样就能收集土壤标本。
When asked if he likes to play golf, he smiled and said, "yes."
当被问到他是否喜欢打高尔夫球时，他笑着说，“是的。”
A member of the Nobel committee, also spoke with the AP. This member said that the award for Tu Youyou is the result of a major change in the way China performs scientific research. He says China has invested a lot of money in such research.
诺贝尔委员会一位成员还接受了美联社的采访。该成员表示，屠呦呦获奖是中国进行科学研究的方式发生重大变化的结果。他说，中国在这类研究上投入了大量资金。
This member adds that the work of the three scientists could help end the health risk of diseases affecting 3.4 billion people.
该成员还表示，这三位科学家的成就将有助于终结这项影响34亿人的健康风险。