Some business leaders resisted Roosevelt's efforts. They felt there was no need to produce more arms while the United States was still at peace. But many others cooperated. And by the time Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the American economy was producing millions of guns and other weapons.
一些商界领袖对罗斯福的做法采取抵制态度。他们觉得，美国在和平时期没必要生产更多的武器；但是另外一些人则密切配合罗斯福政府的政策。日本偷袭珍珠港的时候，美国已经在大批生产数以百万计的枪支等各种武器了。
 
Still, this was not enough to fight a war. After the Japanese attack, Roosevelt increased his demands on American industry. He called for sixty thousand warplanes, forty-five thousand tanks and twenty-thousand anti-aircraft guns. And he wanted all these within one year.
然而，要打仗，这还远远不够。珍珠港事件发生后，罗斯福要求美国军工产业生产六万架战斗机、四万五千辆坦克和两万架高射炮，限期一年完成。

A month after the Pearl Harbor raid, Roosevelt organized a special committee to direct military production. He created another group to help companies find men and women for defense work. And he established a new office where the nation's best scientists and engineers could work together to design new weapons.
珍珠港偷袭事件发生一个月后，罗斯福组建了一个特别委员会，指挥军工生产。他还建立了一个小组，帮助军工产业招募员工，此外，罗斯福也建立了一个新的办公室，把全国最优秀的科学家和工程师召集起来，设计新型武器。
 
These new government organizations faced several problems. Sometimes factories produced too much of one product and not enough of another. Sometimes tools broke. And some business owners refused to accept government orders.
这些新的政府机构也遇到了不少麻烦。有时候，工厂某种产品产量过剩，而另外某种产品又产量不足；有时候工具坏了，没法用；还有一些公司老板拒绝接受政府订单。
 
But the weapons were produced, and American troops soon had the guns and supplies they needed.
但最后，武器还是生产出来了，美国军队有了打仗用的枪支和装备。
 
The federal government had to quickly expand its own workforce to meet war needs. Federal spending increased from six billion dollars in nineteen forty to eighty-nine billion in nineteen forty-four. That was fifteen times as much spending in just five years.
联邦政府也不得不迅速增加公务员人数，满足战争需要。联邦开支1940年只有60亿美元，到1944年的时候已经增加到了890亿美元，短短五年内增加了15倍。
 
Roosevelt had to take strong steps to get the money for all this spending. He put limits on wages. He increased income taxes to as much as ninety-four percent on portions of incomes over two hundred thousand dollars. And he asked the American people to lend money to the federal government. The people answered by purchasing almost one hundred billion dollars in war bonds.
为了支持政府开支，罗斯福不得不采取大胆的措施。他对工资设限；超过20万美元的那部分收入最多需要交纳百分之94的所得税，他还呼吁美国人民借钱给联邦政府，美国民众响应号召，购买了将近一千亿美元的战争债券。
 
The great increase in public spending raised the threat of high inflation. Roosevelt created a special office with the power to control prices. Many Americans agreed with the idea of price controls. But every business wanted somebody else's prices controlled, not their own.
大幅度增加公共开支带来了高通货膨胀的风险。罗斯福建立了一个特别办公室，控制物价。很多美国人赞成控制物价的做法，但是私人企业都希望看到别人的价格受到控制，而自己产品的价格不受限制。

Federal officials had to work hard to keep prices and supplies under control. They restricted how much meat, fuel and other goods people could buy.
因此，联邦政府官员为控制物价和供给量费了很大力气。肉类、燃料等产品全都限量供应。
 
The price control program generally worked. Its success kept the American economy strong to support the troops fighting in Europe and Asia.
控制物价的努力取得了很大成功，让美国经济保持强劲，支持美军在欧洲和亚洲的战斗。
 
One reason these strong economic steps worked was because most of the American people fully supported the war effort.
政府这些强有力的政策之所以能奏效，一个重要原因是得到了人民的支持。
 
(MUSIC: "Rosie the Riveter")
 
Rosie the Riveter came to represent American women who worked in factories during World War II. This government poster was designed to get women involved in the war effort. 

STEVE EMBER: You can look at photographs of people from those times and see in their faces how strongly they felt.
从当年的一些照片上，我们可以清楚地看出美国百姓的坚定和决心。
 
In one picture from the state of North Carolina, a group of men are standing in front of old rubber tires. They are planning to give the tires to the Army to be fixed and used for military vehicles.
一张来自北卡罗来纳州的照片上，一群男子站在一些破旧轮胎前，他们正准备把旧轮胎捐给美国陆军，经过修理加工后，用在军车上。
 
Another photo shows a woman visiting a hospital. She is singing to a soldier to lift his spirits.
另外一张照片上，一位妇女到医院去，给一个受伤的战士唱歌，给他带去安慰。
 
Still another photo shows a man who owns a small food store. He is placing signs on meat and cans of food to tell people how much they are allowed to buy.
还有一张照片上，一个小食品店老板正在肉类和罐头食品旁边标注，告诉顾客他们购买的限量是多少。
 
You can also get an idea about the feelings of the times by the names of some of the popular songs during World War Two.
从当时一些流行歌曲的名字里，大家也能感受到战争的气氛，
 
(MUSIC: "Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition")
 
STEVE EMBER: In addition to "Rosie the Riveter," there were songs like "Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition." One of the most hopeful songs was this one, recorded by Britain's Vera Lynn.
其中比较有名的包括：铆钉女工罗、，赞美上帝传递弹药，以及当全世界再次点亮明灯。
 
(MUSIC: "When the Lights Go on Again All Over the World")
 
STEVE EMBER: Not all Americans supported the war. A small number refused to fight because of religious or moral beliefs. They were known as conscientious objectors. And some Americans supported Adolf Hitler and other fascists. But almost everyone else wanted to win the war quickly and return to a normal life.
不过，并非所有的美国人都支持这场战争。一小批人基于宗教信仰和伦理观念拒绝参战，这些人被称为非战主义者。还有一些美国人支持希特勒和其他法西斯主义者，但是其他几乎所有的美国人都希望能尽快打赢这场战争，恢复正常的生活。
 
Many Japanese-Americans served with honor in the United States armed forces. But many Americans were suspicious of anyone whose family had come from Japan. They refused to trust even Japanese-American families who had lived in the United States for more than a century.
很多日裔美国人也参军作战，但是不少美国人不相信日本移民，甚至是那些已经在美国生活了一百多年的日本家庭在那个时候也同样受到怀疑。