1.secession n.脱离,分离,南部11州的脱离

2.flee v.逃避,逃跑,逃走

例句：She fled as if she were a startled nymph.
       她像一个受惊的仙女逃走了。

3.treason n.叛逆;叛国;背义;背信

例句：He was arrested for high treason.
      他因叛国罪被逮捕。

4.overturn vt.推翻,颠倒

例句：They planned to overturn the government.
      他们计划推翻政府。

5.intense a.非常的,强烈的,紧张的,热情的

例句：The air bases were subjected to intense air attack.
      这些空军基地曾遭受猛烈空袭。

1.And, as a result, southern states carried out their earlier threat.

as a result结果

例句：He wrote all day and finished his Book as a result.
      他写了一整天结果完成了他的书。

carry out开展,贯彻,执行,履行,实现,完成

例句：Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.
      对患者进行了多次试验。

2.It was up to this little-known former tailor to make the decisions on reconstruction -- on rebuilding the Union.

up to直到,达到…;由…决定

例句：It's up to you to make the final decision.
      最终决定取决于你。

3.Radical lawmakers took other steps to seize control of reconstruction efforts in the South.

take steps采取步骤,采取措施

例句：He is taking preliminary steps to solve the problem.
      他正采取初步的步骤来解决问题。