1.underneath ad.在下面 prep.在...的下面
例句：The boat passed underneath the bridge.
轮船从桥下经过。
2.permit vt.允许, 容许, 可能, 使放手做 vi.容许, 给以机会, 提供可能
例句：They absolutely will not permit you to photograph any of the art work in the museum.
他们绝对不会允许你给博物馆里的任何展品拍照。
3.estimate v.估计, 评价, 判断
例句：Can you estimate the value of the painting?
你能估出这幅画的价格吗？
4.mysterious a.神秘的, 难解的, 不可思议的
例句：This science fiction novel tells us a mysterious story.
这本科幻小说讲述了一个神奥的故事。
5.claim vi.提出要求, 主张, 断言
例句：In such a case, the law permits you to claim damages for various items from the defendant.
在这种情况下，法律允许向被告索取各项损失费用。
6.native a.本国的, 与生俱来的, 自然的
例句：The native flora of Australia is the most varied and diverse in the world.
澳大利亚的本土植物品种是世界上为数最多也最为多样的。
7.exchange vt.交换, 交易, 兑换
例句：The shopkeeper refused my request to exchange the shirt.
店员拒绝了我换衬衣的要求。
8.dispute n.争论
例句：Building has stopped while the dispute is being resolved.
在解决分歧期间建设工作暂停。
9.vital a.生命的, 重要的, 充满活力的, 生死攸关的, 致命的
10.supervisor n.管理者, 监督者, 指导者, 视导员
例句：He finally finished the extremely difficult experiment, and won honor for his supervisor.
他终于完成了这个难度很大的实验，给他的导师赢得荣誉。
1.There are always exciting discoveries being made in this huge natural laboratory.
make discovery发现
例句：The young scientist make some important discovery in aids research.
这位年轻的科学家在爱滋病研究中有了重大发现。
2.For example, scientists recently discovered a group of small organisms that appear to have lived for millions of years under the ice.
appear to表面，看上去
例句：Be careful of people who are never what they appear to be.
小心那些表里不一的人。
3.JILL MIKUCKI: "We have a lot to learn from the microbes that survive in these kinds of environments and have adapted to these cold, low-energy systems. They're very efficient."
adapt to适合
例句：Children adapt to a new environment more easily than adults.
儿童比成人更容易适应新环境。
4.He says this is a very huge increase compared to what has happened in the past.
compared to与……相比
例句：The risk is as nothing compared to the gain.
所冒风险与所得相比不足挂齿。
5.Sharing Antarctica for science makes sense.
make sense有意义
例句：It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这些便宜的大衣也很好,何必非买那件贵的不可.
6.Research stations are taking steps to protect the environment.
take steps采取措施
例句：We mustn't fail to take steps against such diseases.
我们对这些疾病不可不防。
1.Scientists say the thinning ozone layer over the South Pole makes climate change take place more quickly than in other areas of the world.
语法分析：make是使役动词。最常见的使役动词有：make, have, leave。 他们都表示“使得……”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构或从句。
2.ANTOINCE GUICHARD: "It is so expensive that if you don't help each other, usually you just don't manage. And now with Antarctic science being really a global science and part of understanding how the world works, it is becoming really vital that everybody works together."
语法分析：so that是结果状语从句
it is becoming really vital that everybody works together.it是形式主语，真正的主语是everybody works together。使用形式主语可以避免句子看上去头重脚轻。