U.S. health officials recently reported that drug-resistant infections increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
美国卫生官员最近报告称，在新冠肺炎大流行的第一年，耐药性感染有所增长。
The report came from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It said there was an increase in hospital infections and deaths in 2020.
该报告出自美国疾控预防中心。它说，2020年医院感染和死亡人数有所增长。
Dr. Arjun Srinivasan, a CDC expert, called it "a startling reversal" that he hopes was a one-year happening.
美国疾控预防中心专家Arjun Srinivasan博士称其为“一项令人震惊的逆转”，他希望这是那一年内的偶发事件。
CDC officials think there were several reasons for the rise. One was how COVID-19 was treated when it first appeared in the United States in early 2020.
美国疾控预防中心官员认为，这种增长有几个原因。原因之一是2020年初新冠肺炎在美国首次出现时的治疗方法。
Antimicrobial drug resistance happens when organisms like bacteria and fungi gain the ability to resist the drugs that were designed to kill them. The misuse of antibiotics was a big reason for the increase, officials said. Unfinished or unnecessary prescriptions that did not kill the microorganisms made them stronger.
当细菌和真菌等生物体获得抵抗旨在杀死它们的药物的能力时，就会发生抗菌药物的耐药性。官员表示，滥用抗生素是这种增长的一个重要原因。没能杀死微生物的未完成或非必要处方使它们变得更加强壮。
Before the pandemic, health officials said U.S. drug-resistant infections appeared to be going down. Deaths fell from an estimated 44,000 in 2012 to 36,000 in 2017 — an 18 percent decrease. The government credited hospitals for the careful use of antibiotics, and for separating patients who might spread infections.
卫生官员表示，在大流行之前，美国的耐药性感染似乎正在下降。死亡人数从2012年估计的4.4万人下降到2017年的3.6万人，下降了18%。政府赞扬了医院谨慎使用抗生素，以及将可能传播感染的患者隔离。
The CDC does not have 2020 data for all infectious diseases. But it does have information on seven kinds of bacterial and fungal infections that were found in hospital patients. They include MRSA and a bacterium called CRE, which is known as "the nightmare bacteria."
美国疾控预防中心没有2020年所有传染病的数据。但是它确实有在医院患者中发现的七类细菌和真菌感染的相关信息。它们包括MRSA和一种被称为CRE的细菌，这种细菌被称为“噩梦细菌”。
The CDC reported increases of 15 percent or more in infections and deaths from that group of microorganisms.
美国疾控预防中心报告称，这组微生物的感染和死亡人数增加了15%或更多。
From March to October 2020, almost 80 percent of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 received an antibiotic, CDC officials said. Use of certain kinds of antibiotics increased as doctors used many kinds of drugs to fight both the coronavirus and any bacterial co-infections.
美国疾控预防中心官员表示，从2020年3月到2020年10月，近80%的新冠肺炎住院患者接受了抗生素治疗。随着医生使用多种药物来对抗冠状病毒以及任何细菌合并感染，某些种类的抗生素的使用有所增加。
By 2021, use of antibiotics dropped. Dr. Srinivasan noted that the use of catheters, ventilators and other medical devices might also be down. Those devices are used on very sick patients and can be a means for drug-resistant microbes to enter patients' bodies.
到2021年，抗生素的使用量有所下降。Srinivasan博士指出，导管、呼吸机和其它医疗设备的使用可能也有所减少。这些设备用于重症患者，并且可能成为耐药微生物进入患者体内的一种途径。
Any increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations — like the one being seen in the U.S. currently — increases that risk, he said.
他说，新冠肺炎住院人数的任何增长——就像目前在美国看到的那样——都会增加这种风险，。